A
Alan Taylor
American historian
Internal Enemy
During the War of 1812, hundreds of enslaved people along Chesapeake Bay sought freedom by joining British warships, transforming the conflict. These former slaves, acting as guides and marines, enabled British attacks, including the burning of Washington, D.C. This mobilization of the 'internal enemy' intensified slaveholders' fears and alienated Virginians from the national government, foreshadowing the sectionalism that Thomas Jefferson observed as 'a firebell in the night.