المرأة الجديدة

In 1899, Egyptian lawyer Qasim Amin published "The Liberation of Women" (تحرير المرأة), arguing that his nation's future depended on the emancipation of its women — and igniting a fierce public debate that continues to this day. "المرأة الجديدة" ("The New Woman," 1900) is Amin's response to that controversy: a follow-up essay in which he defends and extends his original arguments, drawing on both Islamic principles and Western models of women's status in society.

Together with its predecessor, it is a foundational text in the history of Arab feminism. (An English translation combining both essays in one volume, "The Liberation of Women and The New Woman: Two Documents in the History of Egyptian Feminism," was published by the American University in Cairo Press in 2000 — but this edition is Amin's original standalone follow-up essay.)